Admin use case diagram

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Scaled-Index Addressing

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Scaled-index addressing uses two 32-bit registers (a base register and an index register) to access the memory. The second register (index) is multiplied by a scaling factor. The scaling factor can be.A scaling factor of is implied and need not be included in the assembly language instruction (MOV AL,[ EBX+ECX ]). A scaling factor of is used to address word-sized memory arrays,a scaling factor of is used with double word-sized memory arrays,and a scaling factor of is used with quad word-sized memory arrays. An example instruction is MOV AX,[EDI+2*ECX]. This instruction uses a scaling factor of , which multiplies the contents of ECX by 2 before adding it to the EDI register to form the memory address. If ECX contains a 00000000H, word-sized memory element 0 is addressed; ifECX contains a 00000001H, word-sized memory element 1 is accessed, and so forth. This scalesthe index (ECX) by a factor of 2 for a word-sized memory array. The MOV EAX,[ 4*EDI ] is a scaled-index instruction that...
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ADDITION, SUBTRACTION AND COMPARISON in ASSEMBLY LANGAGE

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ADD (Addition) • This is used to add byte/word of data of 2 registers or a register & a memory-location • The only types of addition not allowed are memory-to-memory and segment register (Table 5-1). Register Addition • Whenever arithmetic and logic instructions execute, the contents of the flag-register changes. • Any ADD instruction modifies contents of sign, zero, carry, auxiliary, carry, parity & overflow flags. Example 5-1: Program to compute AX=BX+CX+DX. ADD AX,BX ADD AX,CX ADD AX,DX Immediate Addition • Immediate addition is employed whenever constant-data are added. Example 5-2: Program to add immediate data MOV DL,12H ADD DL,33H Memory-to-Register Addition Example 5-3: to add two consecutive bytes of data (stored at the data segment offset locations NUMB and NUMB+1) to the AL register. Array Addition Example 5-4: Program to add the contents of array element at indices 3, 5 and 7 MOV AL,0 ;clear sum MOV SI,3 ;address element 3 ADD AL,ARRAY[SI] ;add element 3...
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